Some weeks ago, the editor of
The Open Door
magazine (a local Catholic magazine distributed free of charge in the
Kildare area) wrote to me and suggested I contribute a weekly column on
G.K. Chesterton. I very eagerly agreed. The catch was that each article
could only be 450 words in length. As readers of this blog will know,
economy with words is not my strong-point-- or at least, not
characteristic of my writing style.
But I've been writing these articles for six weeks now and I have found
that it's actually a very enjoyable challenge. I've become a stickler-- I
won't go a single word over 450 and I find myself striving to achieve
that exact word-count!
I decided to write a week-by-week exposition of Chesterton's thought.
Now that it's a few weeks in, I thought I might publish the first five
articles here.
The Open Door
is only available (in paper format) in a certain area so I didn't think
it was unreasonable to make the articles available to other readers. My
hope is that whenever the series is finished it will be a nice little
capsule course on Chesterton's philosophy. Anyway, I hope you like it so
far.
The Wit and Wisdom of G.K. Chesterton, parts one to five.
Almost eighty years ago, in 1936, a man by the name of Gilbert Keith
Chesterton breathed his last. Reportedly, his final words were: “The
issue is now clear. It is between light and darkness and everyone must
choose his side”. The side that Chesterton chose was Christianity, and
(later in life) Roman Catholicism in particular.
He was a journalist, a novelist, a poet, a controversialist, a wit, and
quite possibly a saint. (The cause for his sainthood was opened this
year.) His image is familiar even now—the tall, fat man in the cape and
the battered hat. Tales of his absent-mindedness and eccentricity are
also legion. (He was known to stop the traffic as he stopped dead
halfway across the road, struck by some brilliant thought.)
We need Chesterton today. Why? Because many of the ideologies and evils
that Catholics face in the twenty-first century—abortion, euthanasia,
pornography, religious indifference, the erosion of the family, and a
hundred others—were also current in Chesterton’s day. And Chesterton
argued against them tirelessly, leaving an armoury of arguments and
witticisms that will serve us well in our own efforts to defend eternal
Truth.
This is the first of a regular feature in which I will be presenting
ideas and argument from the thought of G.K. Chesterton to the readers of
The Open Door.
The very title of this magazine suggests to me a famous passage from Chesterton’s book
Orthodoxy.
It’s a good place to start because it takes us straight into the
deepest and most abiding of all Chesterton’s themes; that is, the
importance of wonder and gratitude.
Chesterton writes: “When we are very young children we do not need fairy
tales: we only need tales. Mere life is interesting enough. A child of
seven is excited by being told that Tommy opened a door and saw a
dragon. But a child of three is excited by being told that Tommy opened a
door.”
To Chesterton the great question is: why do we ever lose that child-like
sense of wonder at the sheer marvel of existence? Why do we take the
wonders of the world for granted—or rather (as Chesterton put) not for
granted, since we forget or even deny that they were granted to us in
the first place?
A man whose eyes are opened to the fact that life is a wonderful
gift—that we live ‘best of all impossible worlds’, as Chesterton put
it—- is already well on the way to accepting and worshipping an
all-powerful and benevolent God. We will go deeper into Chesterton’s
insights into this subject next week.
.....
Last week, we began our journey into the thought of G.K. Chesterton, the
great Catholic writer and apologist who died in 1936, by looking at the
idea that was probably the most fundamental to his life and work; the
idea of wonder and gratitude.
Chesterton’s aphorisms and witticisms are as plentiful as blackberries
in September, but one of my very favourite (in fact, I had it put onto a
tee-shirt!) is: “The world will never starve for want of wonders, but
only for want of wonder.”
He believed that many of our modern maladies came from the simple
inability to regard the world, God’s gift, with the proper astonishment
and gratitude. In this he was like Gregory of Nyssa, a saint and bishop
of the fourth century, who wrote: “Only wonder understands.”
With his matchless insight, Chesterton took this idea of grateful wonder
and used it to illuminate many other aspects of Christian teaching. For
instance, when he was studying the penny Catechism before his
conversion to Catholicism at the age of 48, he came across these words:
‘The two sins against hope are presumption and despair.’ To Chesterton,
this was a confirmation of what he had always felt. Presumption sees the
world without gratitude, because it feels no sense of unworthiness
before all the blessings God has bestowed on us. Despair has lost the
simple wonder of being alive, the marvel at existence itself.
In his youth, Chesterton was confronted with the fashionable philosophy
of decadence. Decadent poets and novelists wrote about their boredom,
cynicism and their escape into sensual pleasures. In a poem about his
youth, Chesterton wrote: “Life was a fly that faded, and death a drone
that stung; the world was very old indeed when you and I were young.”
The young Chesterton (who was not even a Christian yet, let alone a
Catholic) rebelled against this fashionable apathy, proclaiming the pure
joy of being alive and the beauty of common things, from the very start
of his literary career.
In our own day, we can see how forgetting the wondrousness of existence
leads to some very sinister results. Unborn babies diagnosed with Down
Syndrome and other genetic disorders are routinely aborted, on the
spuriously compassionate grounds that their lives will not be worth
living. People who are suffering debilitating illness, or who simply
feel they have nothing left to live for, feel compelled to seek out
euthanasia—- and, in some countries, society and the medical authorities
more or less push them in this direction.
In the face of all this, we must proclaim the wisdom of G.K. Chesterton: “You should not look a gift universe in the mouth”.
.............
In last week’s article, I wrote about G.K. Chesterton’s proclamation of
the wonder of existence itself, and how he urged his readers to develop a
fitting gratitude for being alive. Of course, this gratitude isn’t for
God’s sake. This gratitude is for our own sake.
Isn’t it the case that people who are really happy—- a man in love, or a
football fan watching his team play well, or an art lover looking at a
beautiful picture—- are naturally inclined to give praise? They cheer,
or they write love poems, or they rhapsodise about the thing they
admire.
Some people like to make fun of the idea of an eternity spent praising
God, which is what Christians look forward to. They wonder why God would
be so egotistical as to want this. They overlook the fact that happy
people naturally want to praise and give thanks. And the supreme
happiness would make us overflow with this urge.
We can also see, from everyday life, how people who are never grateful
are never happy. “She’s never happy”, is what we say about someone who’s
never pleased, no matter how much people do for her.
In Chesterton’s view, none of us are grateful enough. He wrote: “We have
all read in scientific books, and, indeed, in all romances, the story
of the man who has forgotten his name. This man walks about the streets
and can see and appreciate everything; only he cannot remember who he
is. Well, every man is that man in the story. Every man has forgotten
who he is...All that we call common sense and rationality and
practicality and positivism only means that for certain dead levels of
our life we forget that we have forgotten. All that we call spirit and
art and ecstasy only means that for one awful instant we remember that
we forget.”
In Chesterton’s novel
Manalive, the hero Innocent Smith puts this
belief into very practical action. When someone tells Innocent he
doesn’t feel life is worth living, Innocent obligingly points a pistol
at him and offers to release him from his misery. His would-be victim,
of course, quickly changes his mind. This procedure, however, is not
recommended to readers of
The Open Door.
A better approach might be to quote Chesterton’s moving poem, By the
Babe Unborn, in which an unborn baby imagines a wonderland of tall trees
and green grass—the world that everyone who is already born inhabits.
It last words are:
They should not hear a word from me
Of selfishness or scorn,
If only I could find the door,
If only I were born.
...........
In the opening instalments of this series, I introduced readers of
The Open Door
to some of G.K. Chesterton’s most fundamental ideas—namely, the
importance of wonder and gratitude. Now I am going to move on to a
subject which is hardly less central to his thought, and which is
closely related to the themes of wonder and gratitude. That is, the evil
of pride and the importance of humility.
This, of course, will hardly be news to Christians. That pride is the
worst of all sins is a commonplace in the Christian tradition. And we
are well familiar with the notion that ‘he who humbles himself shall be
exalted’. So why do we need Chesterton to tell us this all over again?
Well, as the great Samuel Johnson said, “Men more frequently need to be
reminded than informed”. But even aside from that fact, Chesterton’s
championing of pride and his denunciation of humility are important
because of their exceptonal vividness. His gift was to impress upon his
readers the great ugliness and futility of pride, and the profound
beauty and joyousness of humility.
We should note in passing that he lived up to his own words. Everyone
who knew Chesterton commented upon his humility. He was a very fat man
who often made fun of his own fatness. He joked that he was more
chivalrous than most men, since when he gave up his seat on a tram, he
made room for three ladies rather than one.
But his humility went deeper than making fun of his figure. He was a man
of tremendous literary talent who might have concentrated on carving
out a reputation amongst the greatest authors of all time. His friends
urged him to devote less energy to journalism and to concentrate on
writing masterpieces. But he never did. He was not interested in the
posthumous reputation of G.K. Chesterton. He was interested in fighting
the evils of his day, and in jumping feet-first into every debate that
was going.
Chesterton attacked pride because he knew it led to misery. “Pride is a
weakness in the character”, he wrote. “It dries up laughter, it dries up
wonder, it dries up chivalry and energy.” He put it even more
stridently when he wrote: “The moment the self within is consciously
felt as something superior to any of the gifts that can be brought to
it, or any of the adventures that it may enjoy, there has appeared a
sort of self-devouring fastidiousness and a disenchantment in advance,
which fulfils all the Tartarean emblems of thirst and of despair. “
Next week, we’ll journey further into Chesterton’s thoughts on pride and humility.
.........
Last week, we started looking at the themes of pride and humility in the
philosophy of G.K. Chesterton. We saw how powerfully Chesterton wrote
against the sin of pride, and the way it drains all the laughter and joy
and surprise out of human life. Let us now turn, gratefully, from the
subject of pride to the subject of humility.
Chesterton never tired of proclaiming that the Christian virtues were
not something negative, not the mere absence of something, but the very
definite and overflowing presence of something. “The chief assertion of
religious morality is that white is a colour. Virtue is not the absence
of vices or the avoidance of moral dangers; virtue is a vivid and
separate thing, like pain or a particular smell.”
And, of all the Christian virtues, Chesterton assigned a very high place
to humility. One of his most famous aphorisms is: “Angels can fly
because they can take themselves lightly.”
Of all the many praises of humility that Chesterton wrote, perhaps this passage from
Orthodoxy
is the most eloquent: “if a man would make his world large, he must be
always making himself small. Even the haughty visions, the tall cities,
and the toppling pinnacles are the creations of humility. Giants that
tread down forests like grass are the creations of humility. Towers that
vanish upwards above the loneliest star are the creations of humility.
For towers are not tall unless we look up at them; and giants are not
giants unless they are larger than we. All this gigantesque imagination,
which is, perhaps, the mightiest of the pleasures of man, is at bottom
entirely humble. It is impossible without humility to enjoy anything —
even pride.”
Chesterton’s views on humility must not be understood. He had no time,
for instance, for the misguided sort of humility which sees the human
race itself as contemptible. “One can hardly think too little of one’s
self”, he wrote. “One can hardly think too much of one’s soul.” As a
Christian, of course, Chesterton believed that man was created in God’s
image—so he had no time for the ‘humility’ of the scientific
materialist, who sees the human race as nothing but a freak occurrence
in an obscure planet lost in the vast tracts of the cosmos.
How are we to think so highly of our souls, but so little of our selves?
The answer, of course, is the idea of original sin. Chesterton once
wrote: “The whole of life becomes so very jolly and livable when once we
have believed in original sin.”
What could he have meant by that? Well, I’ll tell you next week!
